tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post7026513041657196225..comments2023-10-18T20:45:50.997+13:00Comments on Comparative Planning and Urban Sustainability: North American Blog #2Dory Reeveshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02251496130777782352noreply@blogger.comBlogger56125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post-29842702645222103912011-10-12T22:08:50.236+13:002011-10-12T22:08:50.236+13:00A small change that could be made to make a big di...A small change that could be made to make a big difference is having busses running until 3 or 4am from the CBD on Friday and Saturday nights. If you are drunk and leaving from anywhere in town after midnight, your only options are to walk or taxi (or drive a private car if you are sober). After attending a 21st last week, and walking up Queen Street, I was gobsmacked at the number of taxis. There is obviously demand for transport at this time of night. Having busses (and trains) running after midnight would mean less emissions from cars, less drunk-driving and they are a safer and quicker method of getting home than walking. They could even charge a higher fare after midnight to make it more feasible. I know that I would rather pay a dollar or 2 more for a bus than pay an expensive taxi fare. Getting on a bus is also potentially less risky/frightening for a lone woman than getting into a taxi with a male driver.<br /><br />Elsa Weir<br />1300996Elsa Weirnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post-10491165896135847322011-09-18T15:41:28.886+12:002011-09-18T15:41:28.886+12:00The first thing flashing through in my mind about ...The first thing flashing through in my mind about this topic is garbage recycle, especially household garbage disposal. Most of residential in Auckland have two garbage recycle bins that one is for general waste and the other one is for recycle garbage. That small thing reduces large amount of garbage disposal to ensure the recyclable resources could be processed in the sustainable way. Just simple separating different garbage into two different bins is not only minimizing methane in terms of reducing the amount of garbage for landfill, but also creating more recycle resources. Furthermore, orange garbage bags require purchase to pack up the garbage is also a small thing but make big effective. This behavior controls the waste amount of each household which could greatly reduce the stressing of waste management processing. <br /><br />Hui Yin<br />ID: 1159929Hui Yinhttp://huicindyyin.blogspot.com/noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post-84979555605273740542011-09-12T04:35:31.539+12:002011-09-12T04:35:31.539+12:00One example of how small changes can make a big di...One example of how small changes can make a big difference in Auckland is where having designated bus and transit lanes in major roads during peak hours. This makes travel to and from the city a lot faster, more efficient and effective, encouraging more people to use public transport and or carpool, that would otherwise be dominated by individual car users causing more congestion on the roads. In the North Shore where I live, bus lanes and transit lanes in major roads such as in and Akoranga Drive and Northcote Centre, also contribute to the overall effectiveness of the Northern Busway. This has reduced car numbers and road congestion in the motorway. Since it opened in February 2008, the number of people commuting to and from CBD continues to increase, proving its success.<br />(photo link: http://www2.northshorecity.govt.nz/transport_and_roads/Public-transport/buswaymap.html)Abigail Grace Ariashttps://www.blogger.com/profile/15585136607451135484noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post-43226094596984624682011-09-07T11:27:31.119+12:002011-09-07T11:27:31.119+12:00I know the time limit for this is over now, howeve...I know the time limit for this is over now, however re: my comments on Grafton Bridge sensors, I got this reply from Auckland Transport;<br /><br /><br />Dear Georgia,<br /><br />Customer Reference Number: AT2011-035388<br /><br />Subject: Grafton Bridge - Sensors<br /><br /> <br /><br />Thank you for contacting Auckland Transport on the 22nd of August 2011 regarding the vehicle detectors on Grafton Bridge, Grafton. Your query was passed onto the Road Corridor Operations Department.<br /><br />This intersection is one of the sites within the Auckland Central area which we are undertaking a trial of new vehicles sensors installed specifically to detect cyclists. Cyclists should no longer have to wait for larger vehicles in order for the phase to change at this intersection provided they position themselves within the cycle box provided.<br /><br />We believe the new detectors will be a success in detecting cyclists at this site. We will look further into expanding the detection zone to also cover motorcyclists stopping at the limit lines a little further back from where the cycle box is positioned.<br /><br />We appreciate you taking the time to contact us and trust you will see improvements at this intersection shortly.<br /><br />Kind regards<br /><br /><br />Georgia Stillwell<br />4910494<br />gsti009Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post-34195365056771135142011-09-06T23:15:00.414+12:002011-09-06T23:15:00.414+12:00the introduction of the hop card i think is one sm...the introduction of the hop card i think is one small change that have a major influence on how people travelled, or at least on how i travelled, on the surface it may seem to be just another form of paying for the bus ride, but its flexibility and the future potential of it meant that it is perhaps the most important change to public transport in transport history.<br />the reason it is important is because unlike the previous GO card, it no longer charges 4 stage price even if only 3 is travelled. this has, at least for me personally to be able to hop on and off on different spot without worrying about the money wastage.<br />the reason it is important is because unlike the previous GO card, it no longer charges 4 stage price even if only 3 is travelled. this has, at least for me personally to be able to hop on and off on different spot without worrying about the money wastage.<br />furthermore, the promise of full integration of HOP to all forms of public transport Auckland has to offer, this would allow the card users to travel more places with more ease, and as such would be a dramatic change to the Auckland transport scene<br />the reason it is important is because unlike the previous GO card, it no longer charges 4 stage price even if only 3 is travelled. this has, at least for me personally to be able to hop on and off on different spot without worrying about the money wastage.<br />the reason it is important is because unlike the previous GO card, it no longer charges 4 stage price even if only 3 is travelled. this has, at least for me personally to be able to hop on and off on different spot without worrying about the money wastage.<br />furthermore, the promise of full integration of HOP to all forms of public transport auckland has to offer, this would allow the card users to travell more places with more ease, and as such would be a dramatic change to the auckland transport scene<br />Fengqiao Han<br />ID: 4596921Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post-57540025887791320162011-09-01T13:23:30.328+12:002011-09-01T13:23:30.328+12:00Char215 Chanel Hargrave
Hi just adding the photos ...Char215 Chanel Hargrave<br />Hi just adding the photos I took for the post above. This is a part in Manurewa west/ Alfriston area. As you can see the park consists of nothing but a green space and trees. I think adding a path through the space and a bench would increase the pedestrian traffic through the park which would in turn increase access and also increase public safety. I planted 20 speciman trees in this park and now only 8 of them are left.Money could be spent on other thingsto make the green space more useable with a higher amenity value.<br />Photo at this link<br />http://www.flickr.com/photos/67022649@N04/6101865922/in/photostreamAnonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post-47543863471699899182011-08-29T16:18:29.850+12:002011-08-29T16:18:29.850+12:00A small change that I think could a big difference...A small change that I think could a big difference is the improvement of public open space or green space in residential area, especially suburban areas. I worked as a landscaper for trade-enviro a company which had a contract with the Manukau city council to plant reserve and open space areas.During this time I noticed the poor quality of open space in residential areas. They usually lacked any amenity that would make people want to use them. They consisted of grass and a few trees. I think that small changes like adding a few seats, putting a path through or around the grass and adding a small pathed area as well as making them more attractive by adding flowers or art sculptures area would encourage people not only to want to use the area but to also move through the open space making them safer and able to be used for recreation,which I assume is the point of having them in the first place. I have an example in my mind and will try and upload a photo the space tomorrow.chanel Hargave char 215noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post-25101631564123487632011-08-29T16:09:01.389+12:002011-08-29T16:09:01.389+12:00I would like to respond to Simon's post about ...I would like to respond to Simon's post about installing walking shelters in Auckland. I think this is a very good idea because it would be nice to be able to walk in all whether. I have worked at the airport and the distance from the staff carpark to the terminal is a long way but there are rain shelters most of the way so it stops you getting wet. I think this would be a good idea in commonly used walking routes around the city. One route I feel that this could benefit from this is that from Britomart to the University. Many students walk up from Britomart after catching the train and it would be nice there was some sort of shelter to make the walk more enjoyable. I also think it would be great to have a free dedicated bus from the University to Britomart as the loop bus can take 15 minutes from Britomart and it often makes me late for class.chanel Hargrave char215noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post-51721906207971517972011-08-29T09:36:05.899+12:002011-08-29T09:36:05.899+12:00A revolving headline for a news article caught my ...A revolving headline for a news article caught my eye today which is related to my first post on planting trees along Symonds Street. What I saw as I went to check my Yahoo email today was 'Tree-lined avenues, rail loop'. The actual article title is '$5.5bn to transform Auckland CBD and waterfront'(see the link below). It shares some proposals from the soon to be released Draft Auckland Plan such as turning Hobson and Nelson Streets into 'tree-lined avenues'. I definitely agree that the amenity of these vast arterial roads is very poor. In comparison, Symonds Street is wonderful (which is not saying much). If we are to take Wayne Feiden's approach of implementing small changes to make a big difference, then I believe that turning an average street like Symonds Street into an excellent public space through tree-planting would achieve this.<br /><br />Melanie Cripps<br />3592750<br />mcri011<br /><br /><br />http://nz.news.yahoo.com/a/-/top-stories/10131028/5-5bn-to-transform-auckland-cbd-and-waterfront/Melanie Crippshttp://citysituated.blogspot.com/noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post-56972847366773839602011-08-28T22:33:43.341+12:002011-08-28T22:33:43.341+12:00I also agree with Penny's point that neighbour...I also agree with Penny's point that neighbourhoods can discourage people from walking. For example, in my neighbourhood there are some walkways that people can take to get to local shops, however, these walkways are surrounded by high fences which are painted blood red for some odd reason - this can give off the perception that the area is unsafe, and that it is probably a better idea to avoid these areas, despite them being the most direct routes possible.<br /><br />Sarah Wong<br />1299374<br />swon190Sarah Wong (id#1299374)https://www.blogger.com/profile/14957606677931863763noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post-76618481867524346812011-08-28T22:29:36.204+12:002011-08-28T22:29:36.204+12:00An issue for East Auckland is that you can’t reall...An issue for East Auckland is that you can’t really get to many places via public transport. For example, there is no direct bus that takes you from Howick to Sylvia Park. This is probably a factor in people’s decision to use public transport, as they would rather drive to places rather than hop on a bus, then transfer onto another bus or maybe a train to get to their final destination. The fact that the Howick and Eastern buses are not a part of the HOP system can also discourage people even more, as they would need another bus card for transferring buses or it would cost them all their spare change. <br /><br />A simple solution could be the availability of direct bus routes for people in East Auckland, as providing the option for people to travel via public transport can reduce their dependancy on private vehicles.<br /><br />Sarah Wong<br />1299374<br />swon190Sarah Wong (id#1299374)https://www.blogger.com/profile/14957606677931863763noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post-23308404724399665272011-08-28T11:46:46.499+12:002011-08-28T11:46:46.499+12:00Sid: I agree that the passive measures you talk ab...Sid: I agree that the passive measures you talk about are more effective in achieving an objective of creating more pedestrian friendly streets. Ponsonby Road could be improved in many ways in this aspect because although the cars are travelling at a slower speed, crossing 4 lanes of traffic is still not safe. The idea of trees to make streets look narrower is a viable idea in this instance. I am guessing in the case of Ponsonby Rd there was not enough funding and it would have been easier to replace a few speed limit signs than to implement passive measures - which is a shame!<br /><br />Rachael Thomas<br />1284746Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post-84455739033433808572011-08-26T14:29:52.091+12:002011-08-26T14:29:52.091+12:00I have been living in Auckland city center for a c...I have been living in Auckland city center for a couple of years, and I recognized that there are always some safety issues for pedestrians walking on the roads, and the presence of these issues reduces the level of quality living standard of city central, and incompatible with the government’s efforts to promote a healthy living goal for people. To increase road safety of pedestrians and encourage more physical activities for the residents, some minor options can be sought to make a big difference to the current situation. <br />Car speed needs to be reduced on some arterial roads, such as Beach Road and Quay Street, to ensure more safety. This can be achieved through installation of road humps, as studies have shown that road humps can reduce accidents involving pedestrians by 63 percent and cyclists by 29 percent (Department for Transport, 2009).<br />Increase safety in open space at night: I also recognized that there are some safety issues at some of the open spaces at night, such as Te Taou Reserve, Alten Reserve and Mahuhukiterangi Reserve. The design of those open spaces is excellent and beautiful, but many people would fear to go there at night. There’s a need to install more street lights in open space and parks. <br /><br />Reference:<br />Department for Transport, (2009) Improving road safety for pedestrians and cyclists in Great Britain, http://www.nao.org.uk/publications/0809/improving_road_safety_for_ped.aspx, (accessed: 15/08/2011).<br /><br />Xinyue Wang (xwan266)<br />1181130Xinyue Wanghttps://www.blogger.com/profile/10229432276793648377noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post-84665121598440873102011-08-24T14:56:26.126+12:002011-08-24T14:56:26.126+12:00As the Rugby World Cup is approaching, the waterfr...As the Rugby World Cup is approaching, the waterfront has caught a lot of attention, especially Wynyard Quarter and the newly built Viaduct Events Centre. I must say it is a nice area even to just walk around leisurely. One thing that caught my eye when I was down there was the street furniture and the design of the street furniture. I believe that by designing the street furniture in a contemporary manner such as the seats near the information centre. Instead of placing ordinary benches you see elsewhere, the benches sits on rail way tracks that can be seen as symbolic as the area previously was used for transportation. It also provide a sense of heritage rather than disregarding what used to on the site. <br /><br />4940825 phui005Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post-54492925283801638972011-08-24T09:29:17.020+12:002011-08-24T09:29:17.020+12:00As already stated by Yuqing Zhou, the new HOP smar...As already stated by Yuqing Zhou, the new HOP smartcard system is a more effective means of managing payment on public transport. The expansion to more and more bus/train/ferry services will only see it become more effective. I personally have found myself making more spontaneous public transport trips than before, now that I have an easier means to pay for them. I have read that the Auckland Council is looking into providing the HOP card as a means to pay for parking in their city car parks. By spreading this service to all car parks throughout the city, it would greatly increase the number of HOP card holders. I believe this small change would make public transport a more viable option to everyday car drivers, who might make the choice to take the occasional bus (not everyone carries cash).<br /><br />Karl Anderson<br />kand095 (4889652)Karlhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/14359773693999722551noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post-6354865626134680722011-08-23T22:38:17.167+12:002011-08-23T22:38:17.167+12:00To expand a bit on what has been said previously: ...To expand a bit on what has been said previously: <br />@David/Jethro/Georgia/anyone else involved in the traffic lights debate, coming from the UK there is a countdown system of sorts, but it sort of works the other way round. Instead of counting down to the red light, traffic lights kind of 'count up' to when they are going to turn green. A few seconds before the light turns green, the amber light turns on concurrently with the red to warn drivers that it is about to change. The consequence of this is that drivers are aware of the impending change and can move away faster. Rather than waiting for the person in front to go, traffic in the UK tends to move as one which is a much more efficient system. As a side note, I haven't been back to the UK in 9 years and can't confirm whether this is still the case, however, I would advocate this being trialed in Auckland as it may speed things up and also lead to fewer people jumping reds.<br /><br />@Rachel, sort of as a complimentary idea to the hard response you have talked about in the changing of speed limits, there is the potential to introduce 'soft' options. These are more passive speed reduction measures such as narrowing the road and introducing trees that narrow the optical width to reduce the comfort of the driver. The spin off effect is reduced speeds as drivers aren't as confident in moving through these areas, which definitely improves the pedestrian experience as it no longer feels like a highway. This can also improve the visual amenity of the street which as a bit of a bonus.<br /><br />Sid Scull<br /><br />1001224Sidhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/07715896798828897885noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post-67125834678596708402011-08-23T17:07:30.812+12:002011-08-23T17:07:30.812+12:00We have always learnt that every little bit counts...We have always learnt that every little bit counts. Such as turning off electrical appliances such as televisions and DVD players at the plug when they're not in use at night as they are usually on standby or turning off lights in rooms that are not being used. On an individual level it may not make a big difference, but on a community level it can make a big difference in reducing power consumption. <br /><br />Tin Lo 1066001Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post-64038929764823778772011-08-23T16:26:10.785+12:002011-08-23T16:26:10.785+12:00The idea of dedicated cycle lanes appeals to me as...The idea of dedicated cycle lanes appeals to me as a cyclist and a driver. By separating these two conflicting groups, there is the opportunity to reduce accidents and near misses between them. <br />Currently Auckland cyclists get a pseudo space that is theirs to occupy on the road. Often it is in the form of sharing with a buses or parked cars, which are from experience two of the larger threats to cyclists. Parked cars with drives who don't look before opening doors are a fatality waiting to happen. I suggest widening these shared spaces so that there is room between the parked cars and the flow of traffic. It may not create a dedicated cycle space, but having an extra meter of room to move, before ending up in front of a car, may just be enough to save a life.<br /><br />sfos028 1231978Samhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/06259820292910245110noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post-46446760289040435472011-08-23T12:17:30.990+12:002011-08-23T12:17:30.990+12:00I agree with Holly about the importance of improvi...I agree with Holly about the importance of improving cycling infrastructure around Auckland. Cycling is getting more and more popular for people to get around the city. But it is often very dangerous. I think that Auckland could have a dedicated cycle lane in many of its main roads, which would keep cyclists protected from wayward motorists, many of whom do not take much care when driving beside cyclists. More people need to be encouraged to cycle on our roads, not being put off because it is so dangerous as so many are.These dedicated cycle lanes are already in use all over Sydney are more recently in Wellington. <br />This blog shows what is being done in Wellington: http://cyclingwellington.co.nz/2011/04/bike-lane-nirvana/img_1902/Sarah MacCormick 1076891https://www.blogger.com/profile/16684762126963756290noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post-76846150336801697402011-08-23T12:00:41.217+12:002011-08-23T12:00:41.217+12:00I agree with Georgia’s flatmates with the idea of ...I agree with Georgia’s flatmates with the idea of directing bus exhaust fumes away from the footpath side of the road. It would increase amenity for both cyclists and pedestrians within the city. Because I live in the city I walk along Symonds Street every day. The route I take is between Karangahape Road and the University. Because Symonds Street is a main bus route there are many buses emitting exhaust (and noise). As a pedestrian I find that sometimes the level of fumes is choking. This is especially around the bus stops when several buses pull-up and idle for some time. Trouble spots I’ve noticed are the stops outside the Langham, outside Gordon and Harris, and up from St Paul’s Church.<br /><br />Melanie Cripps<br />3592750Mel Chttps://www.blogger.com/profile/05758448530718346770noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post-44306511380971804402011-08-23T12:00:00.096+12:002011-08-23T12:00:00.096+12:00A small change that has made a big difference in A...A small change that has made a big difference in Auckland is the speed limit reduction on Ponsonby Road from 50km/h to 40km/h. Previously, the locals saw the road as more of a 'major highway' that had no sense of community. A number of accidents occurred before this change including a death in 2005 (while a woman waited in the pedestrian island to cross the road safely) and a bus hitting a pedestrian in 2008.<br /><br />The change to the 40km/h speed limit has made Ponsonby a safer environment for the people and the cars on Ponsonby Road. This relates back to the idea covered in class about designing streets for both people and cyclists, not just cars. Lowering speed limits creates a friendly and walk-able environment which is the direction that Auckland needs to take.<br /><br />This is an interesting article from NZ Herald in which the writer admits he would rather use his car than be a pedestrian because of how dangerous it is at times.<br />http://www.nzherald.co.nz/motoring/news/article.cfm?c_id=9&objectid=10745354<br /><br />Rachael Thomas<br />1284746Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post-54894096122488284192011-08-23T11:51:00.957+12:002011-08-23T11:51:00.957+12:00I agree with Hannah G that many main pedestrian jo...I agree with Hannah G that many main pedestrian journeys within the city contain blank walls and in my opinion blank spaces and corridors. An example of this is the stretch of Symonds Street between the bridge to the University of Auckland. This route is highly used by pedestrians due to its connectivity to other transport modes. However it is void of personality and interest on a human scale. Instead of the blank walls that Hannah G has mentioned there are many towering commercial buildings with little street interaction and a lack of active edges. Along the Western side of the street there is a wide footpath which presents opportunities for increasing pedestrian amenity (as Harry has mentioned). Auckland Transport and Auckland Council could transform this grey and character-less space into a green corridor with trees and planting. Perhaps the property owners along both sides could be worked with to create planting to beautify this street for the benefit of pedestrians, drivers, local businesses, and the environment alike.<br /><br />Melanie Cripps<br />3592750Mel Chttps://www.blogger.com/profile/05758448530718346770noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post-51518587541204938072011-08-22T20:30:14.149+12:002011-08-22T20:30:14.149+12:00Also, while on the cycling topic,
A small change ...Also, while on the cycling topic,<br /><br />A small change but one that is highly relevant is when council or transit allocate funds to do major road upgrades it would be an ideal time to increase the shoulder of the road to allow more space for cyclists to ride safely. This only needs to be another half meter to a meter which would make a big difference. When they are doing temporary road works to upgrade infrastructure where the road is dug up it would be a good time to make allowances between the various authorities such as Council and Transit NZ and Watercare services to plan extra road width for cyclists and in a cost effective way.<br /><br />Holly Coates<br />1221649Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post-37819853608292928382011-08-22T20:14:43.984+12:002011-08-22T20:14:43.984+12:00Last year a horrific cycling accident took place w...Last year a horrific cycling accident took place where a tourist was hit by a truck and killed. She was cycling around the waterfront from the city towards St Heliers and as was riding through Okahu Bay and past Kellytaltons. The car parks on the corner of the road are very close to the bend which means cyclists have to veer out into the passing traffic. As she did this she veered out into the path of a truck and was tragically killed. Both the truck driver and the cyclist were found not to be at fault. It is interesting to note that 2 years prior to this the council had employed a cycling group to critique this as a part of a 50km cycle route and their findings were that this was a pinch point and that some of the car parks should have been taken off the bend to avoid any potential accident however nothing was done. Within two days of the death of the cyclist council acted upon this and removed the car parks from the bend. Often it takes a death for action to actually be taken and a small change like taking car parks of the bend would have made a significant difference. I think this is a clear example of how Auckland needs to improve its cycling infrastructure to make sure that accidents like this don’t occur in the future. Improving cycling infrastructure will also encourage more people to cycle as they will feel more confident that the infrastructure sufficiently supports cyclists. <br /><br />Holly Coates<br />1221649Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4320638550148113283.post-74368395250840264022011-08-22T19:38:55.241+12:002011-08-22T19:38:55.241+12:00Food waste makes up about a third of our landfill ...Food waste makes up about a third of our landfill rubbish. The small change of using worm farm would enable us to recycle as much as possible from food waste, and also makes a major contribution to our goal of reducing waste to landfill. However this approach to landfill reduction has not been implemented to all households in Auckland, this could be an opportunity for local government to enforce the use of worm farm through both statutory and non-statutory methods. Such as public education on the effectiveness of worm farm, free maintenance services, bylaw requirements on worm farm ownership, and building contribution.<br />Qiaofeng Hu 4915881Anonymousnoreply@blogger.com